Knee pain is common in;Osteoarthritis Ligament injuries Muscle weaknes Post-Total Knee ReplacementCauses: Cartilage degeneration Muscle imbalance Pain (VAS scale)
Reduced ROM (flexion/extension) Quadriceps & hamstring weakness Joint stiffness Swelling Poor balance / instability Short-Term GoalsReduce pain & swelling Improve ROM Activate quadriceps Long-Term Goals Improve strength
Restore function (walking, stairs) Prevent deformity & progressionHandling (Physiotherapy Treatment) pain Management Hot fomentation (chronic cases)Cold therapy (acute inflammation) TENS / IFT ROM ExercisesHeel slides
knee flexion-extension Wall slides Strengthening Exercises Early Stage Quadriceps setting Straight leg raise Hamstring isometrics Progression Mini squats Step-ups Terminal knee extension (TKE) Resistance band exercises Stability & Proprioception Single-leg stance Balance board exercises Gait training Functional Training Sit-to-stand Stair climbing Walking training Special Focus (if osteoarthritis/post-TKR) Low-impact strengthening Avoid deep squats .
Goniometry (ROM) MMT (muscle strength) Functional scales (WOMAC for Osteoarthritis) Precautions Avoid high-impact activities Avoid sudden twisting movements Maintain proper posture during exercise
Conclusion Knee pain management requires a stepwise physiotherapy approach focusing on:Pain relief → ROM → Strength → Functional training
