SPINAL CORD INJURY
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that
can result in temporary or permanent changes in sensation, strength, and other
functions below the site of the injury.
Causes
1. Trauma: Motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries,
or violence can cause SCI.
2. Non-traumatic causes: Tumors, infections, or degenerative
conditions can also damage the spinal cord.
Symptoms
1. Loss of sensation: Numbness, tingling, or loss of
sensation in the limbs or torso.
2. Muscle weakness or paralysis: Weakness or paralysis of
muscles below the injury site.
3. Autonomic dysfunction: Loss of bladder or bowel control,
or changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
4. Pain: Pain or discomfort in the neck, back, or limbs.
Classification
1. Complete injury: No sensation or motor function below the
injury site.
2. Incomplete injury: Some sensation or motor function below
the injury site.
Levels of Injury
1. Cervical: Injuries to the neck region can result in
quadriplegia or tetraplegia.
2. Thoracic: Injuries to the upper back region can result in
paraplegia.
3. Lumbar: Injuries to the lower back region can result in
varying degrees of weakness or paralysis including loss of bladder and bowel
function.
Treatment and Rehabilitation
1. Emergency care: Immediate medical attention is crucial to
stabilize the spine and prevent further damage.
2. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to decompress the
spinal cord or stabilize the spine.
3. Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, occupational therapy,
and other interventions can help individuals with SCI regain function and
independence.
4. Assistive devices: Wheelchairs, walkers, or other
assistive devices can help individuals with SCI regain mobility and
independence.
5. Emotional support: Counselling, support groups, or peer
mentoring can help individuals cope with the emotional and psychological
aspects of SCI.
Physical therapy helps regain and maintain activities of
daily living. They help in increasing patients’ confidence and guide the
patient for further support.
