Osteoarthritis—structured, practical, and clinically useful Body Structure & Function (Impairment level): pain, stiffness, reduced ROM, muscle weakness Assessment ROM: goniometry Strength: MMT (especially quadriceps, hamstrings)Joint stiffness, crepitus Pain relief:TENS Ultrasound therapy (pulsed for inflammation) Hot packs (for stiffness) Isometric quadriceps (static quad)Hamstring stretch Heel slides Straight leg raise (SLR)Joint mobilization Individual Activity (Activity limitation) difficulty in walking, stairs, sit-to-stand Gait analysis (antalgic gait) Functional tests:Sit-to-stand testTimed Up and Go (TUG) Closed chain exercises: Mini squats Wall slides (Participation restriction) Focus: reduced daily and social activities Management Raised toilet seat Promote safe community mobility Health Condition (Disease-specific management) Long-term OA management Education Nature of OA (degenerative but manageable) Weight management (very important for knee OA) Joint protection techniques:Avoid deep squatting, cross-leg sitting Footwear advice (shock-absorbing shoes) (Holistic care)mental, emotional, lifestyle Management Pain coping strategies Encourage regula low-impact exerciseWalkingC Cycling Hydrotherapy Lifestyle modification:Activity pacing Avoid overloading joint Start with pain relief → ROM → strengthening → functional training Progress intensity gradually Frequency: 3–5 sessions/week avoid high-impact activities (running, jumping) Avoid excessive loading in acute pain phase Monitor swelling and inflammation.
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