Sciatica is a type of pain that starts in your lower back and travels down your leg usually on one side. It happens when the sciatic nerve which is the longest and biggest nerve in the body gets irritated or compressed. This nerve runs from your lower spine through the buttock and down the back of your leg. Because of this the pain can spread along this whole path. Many people feel sharp burning or shooting pain and sometimes there can also be tingling numbness or weakness in the leg or foot. The most common cause of sciatica is a problem in the lower spine like a slipped disc where the soft part of the disc presses on the nerve. Other causes can include muscle tightness spinal narrowing or injury. Sitting for long hours poor posture or lifting heavy objects in the wrong way can also increase the chances of getting sciatica. The pain may become worse when you sit bend forward cough or stand for a long time. In physiotherapy, treatment focuses on reducing pain and improving movement. This includes gentle exercises stretching (especially for the back and hip muscles) posture correction and sometimes modalities like heat therapy, ultrasound, or TENS. Strengthening the core and back muscles is very important to support the spine and prevent the problem from coming back. With proper care and regular exercise most people recover well from sciatica.
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