Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term inflammatory joint disease. It mainly affects the small joints of the hands, wrists, feet, and knees. Unlike age-related arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition, which means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own joints.The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully known, but several factors increase the risk:
Autoimmune reaction: The immune system attacks the lining of the joints (synovium), causing inflammation.Genetic factors: Family history can increase the chances of developing RA.Hormonal factors,
Environmental triggers: Smoking, infections, and stress may trigger the disease.
Lifestyle factors: Lack of physical activity and obesity can worsen symptoms.
Symptoms usually develop slowly and often affect both sides of the body equally.
Common symptoms include:
Joint pain and swelling, especially in hands, wrists, and feet
Morning stiffness lasting more than 30–60 minutes
Warmth and tenderness around joints
Reduced joint movement
Fatigue and weakness
Difficulty in daily activities like gripping, walking, or dressing
In advanced stages, joint deformities may develop if untreated
RA can also affect other parts of the body, causing fever, weight loss, and general tiredness.
Physiotherapy plays a very important role in managing rheumatoid arthritis. It helps reduce pain, improve movement, and maintain independence.
Key physiotherapy treatments include:Pain relief techniques: Hot or cold therapy to reduce pain and swelling.
Joint mobility exercises: Gentle range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness.
Strengthening exercises: Low-impact exercises to strengthen muscles around joints and provide support.
Stretching: Maintains flexibility and reduces tightness.
Posture and joint protection training: Teaches safe ways to move and protect joints during daily activities.
Aerobic exercises: Walking, cycling, or swimming to improve stamina and overall fitness without stressing joints.
Splints and supports: Used when needed to rest painful joints and prevent deformity.
Education: Guidance on pacing activities, energy conservation, and lifestyle modifications.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition, but with early diagnosis, proper medical care, and regular physiotherapy, people can lead active and productive lives. Physiotherapy helps control pain, slow joint damage, and improve quality of life by keeping joints flexible and strong.
